The interior of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya

The interior of a shop in Suq al-Buzuriyya

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

Eastern facade, Jamiʿ Manjak

General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak

General view from outside, Jamiʿ Manjak

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a wall topped with domes on pendentives

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a wall topped with domes on pendentives

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a view of the circular aperture in the roof and the fountain in the middle courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, upper view of the inner courtyard and its fountain in the center

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, windows on the tambour of one of the domes

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, windows on the tambour of one of the domes

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, general view of the vaults and pendentive

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, general view of the vaults and pendentive

wl-f-Damascus Album No.2-Page 02a-02-1_SYRHER

wl-f-Damascus Album No.2-Page 02a-02-1_SYRHER

Aerial view of war damage in ancient city of Aleppo by drone

Fig.01_Drone photograph showing damage in Aleppo

Rubble management, stacked ashlar masonry, 2nd category, after initial sorting, Suq al-Jukh (bazaar lane of cloth), Aleppo, Syria

Fig.21_2nd category, stacked ashlar masonry

South part of the east side, Hammam al-Qaramani

South part of the east side, Hammam al-Qaramani

Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay

Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Alternate ablaq rows in the courtyard of Jamiʿ Manjak

Exterior view of Hammam al-Qaramani, dome of frigidarium (barrani)

Exterior view of Hammam al-Qaramani, dome of frigidarium (barrani)

Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani

Damascus, Hammam al-Qaramani

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Mamluk square minaret, Jamiʿ Manjak

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, an arcade topped by a cross vault

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, an arcade topped by a cross vault

Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum

Busra, Hammam Manjak, Islamic Museum

Excavation in the citadel of Damascus

Excavation in the citadel of Damascus

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section

Busra, Hammam Manjak, niche in the hot section

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a circular aperture in the roof of courtyard

Damascus, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm, a circular aperture in the roof of courtyard

A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm

A part of the ground and upper floor, Khan Asʿad Basha al-ʿAzm

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, marble prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, marble prayer niche

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall - minbar (pulpit)

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, prayer hall – minbar (pulpit)

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Jamiʿ al-Mihmandar, the entrance half dome

Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall

Qasr al-ʿAzm, decorative niche in the dome hall

Cross vaults in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque

Cross vaults in the prayer room of an-Nuri Mosque

Busra - Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, prayer hall

Busra – Madrasat Abu al-Fidaʾ, prayer hall